On October 23, the 16th BRICS Leaders’ Summit took place at the Kazan Expo Center in Russia, convened by President Vladimir Putin. The meeting was attended by leaders including Chinese President Xi Jinping, Brazilian President Lula (via video), Egyptian President Sisi, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, and UAE President Mohammed bin Zayed.
In his initial address, President Xi welcomed the new members joining the BRICS family and invited more countries to become BRICS partners. He emphasized that this expansion marks a significant milestone in the development of BRICS, reflecting an evolution in the international landscape. Xi noted that the alliance is united by common goals and is aligned with the global tides of peace and development. He highlighted the rapid changes in the world, which are ushering in both new opportunities and challenges—such as rising multipolarity and the threats of a “new Cold War.”
“We must seize historical opportunities and embrace our mission of openness, inclusivity, and win-win cooperation. It’s crucial for BRICS nations to unite and strive for shared values, safeguarding common interests and promoting resilience together,” Xi stated. He called for BRICS to become a key platform for fostering unity and cooperation among Global South countries and a leading force for promoting changes in global governance.
Xi continued, “In these turbulent times, we must uphold the banners of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win outcomes, enhancing the BRICS identity while demonstrating our collective strength.” He urged the leaders to advocate for dialogue instead of confrontation and partnerships without alliances. He also called for collaborative economic pathways that are inclusive and beneficial for all, while emphasizing cooperation in traditional sectors like agriculture, energy, and trade, alongside emerging areas such as green technologies and artificial intelligence.
During a broader session, Xi articulated his vision for the future of BRICS, outlining five key proposals:
1. **Building a “Peaceful BRICS”:** He stressed the need to act as guardians of collective security, advocating for a security framework that is comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable. Xi called for the immediate de-escalation of the Ukraine crisis and a ceasefire in Gaza, pushing for a just and lasting resolution to the Palestinian issue.
2. **Fostering an “Innovative BRICS”:** To position BRICS nations as leaders in high-quality development, Xi encouraged adaptation to the latest technological revolutions and industrial transformations. He noted the establishment of several centers to enhance cooperation and innovation among BRICS countries.
3. **Creating a “Green BRICS”:** Xi pledged to support sustainable development and highlighted China’s advancements in electric vehicles and renewable energy. He expressed a desire to expand collaboration in green industries and ensure environmental sustainability across the supply chain.
4. **Establishing a “Just BRICS”:** With the shift in global power dynamics, Xi called for comprehensive reforms in the global governance system, promoting true multilateralism and enhancing the representation of Global South countries.
5. **Promoting a “Cultural BRICS”:** He encouraged the exchange of governance experiences and the promotion of coexistence among different civilizations. Xi introduced initiatives such as the Digital Education Cooperation Program to facilitate learning and capacity building among BRICS nations over the next five years.
In conclusion, President Xi extended an invitation to his counterparts to work together in pioneering a new era of high-quality BRICS cooperation, striving to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
The leaders engaged in a deep discussion on the theme of “Strengthening Multilateralism to Promote Just Global Development and Security,” exchanging insights on the role of BRICS in addressing global challenges. They collectively praised the development of the BRICS cooperation mechanism, recognizing the alliance’s growing influence and potential.
The summit concluded with the adoption of the Kazan Declaration, announcing the establishment of BRICS partner countries, followed by a briefing from the president of the New Development Bank and a group photo session among the leaders. Notable participants, such as Cai Qi and Wang Yi, were also present at the event.
